海底地形测量技术现状及发展趋势

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170276

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 简要回顾了海底地形测量技术的发展历史；详细介绍了船基声呐、机载激光、海岸带一体化测量海底地形技术及3种反演海底地形技术，呈现了海底地形的立体、高效、高精度、高分辨率获取现状。并展望了海底地形测量发展趋势，认为研制超宽覆盖、高精度、高分辨率、轻便型多波束测深系统和研究声速影响改正模型、测深数据滤波方法及海底地形表达是未来声呐测深领域的核心工作，无人船测量将会成为一种重要的作业模式，机载激光雷达测深、基于声呐图像的海底地形恢复及深拖测量发展潜力巨大。

关键词: 海底地形, 立体测量, 高分辨率, 高精度, 现状, 发展趋势

Abstract: This paper briefly reviewed the history of seafloor terrain measuring technology,and then detailed the introduced sonar bathymetry based on vessel,airborne laser bathymetry,integrated measurement for coastal topography and three inversion methods for seafloor terrain.That entirely presents the current situation of stereoscopic,efficient,high-accuracy and high-resolution of seafloor topography acquirement.Finally,combined with the future requirements,this paper summarized the core job and development trend in future seafloor terrain measuring field,which includes developing more portable multi-beam system with ultra-wide coverage,high accuracy and resolution,researching more efficient correction model of sound velocity effects,smoothing of bathymetry data and expression of submarine topography.Meanwhile,automatic ship measurement will be an important task mode.Also airborne laser survey,seafloor topography inversion from sonar image and deep-towing measurement has enormous potential in development.

Key words: seafloor topography, stereoscopic survey, high resolution, high accuracy, current situation, development tendency

中图分类号:

P201

赵建虎, 欧阳永忠, 王爱学. 海底地形测量技术现状及发展趋势[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(10): 1786-1794.

ZHAO Jianhu, OUYANG Yongzhong, WANG Aixue. Status and Development Tendency for Seafloor Terrain Measurement Technology[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(10): 1786-1794.

参考文献

[1] 赵建虎. 现代海洋测绘[M]. 武汉:武汉大学出版社, 2008. ZHAO Jianhu. Modern Marine Surveying and Charting[M]. Wuhan:Wuhan University Press, 2008.
[2] 赵建虎, 刘经南. 多波束测深及图像数据处理[M]. 武汉:武汉大学出版社, 2008. ZHAO Jianhu, LIU Jingnan. Multi-Beam Sounding and Image Data Processing[M]. Wuhan:Wuhan University Press, 2008.
[3] 滕惠忠, 辛宪会, 李军, 等. 卫星遥感水深反演技术的发展与应用[C]//第二届高分辨率对地观测学术年会论文集. 北京:中国宇航学会, 中科院电子学研究所, 2013. TENG Huizhong, XIN Xianhui, LI Jun, et al. The Development and Application of the Retrieving Sounding Technology Using Satellite Remote Sensing[C]//Beijing:Chinese Society of Astronautics, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2013.
[4] 翟国君, 吴太旗, 欧阳永忠, 等. 机载激光测深技术研究进展[J]. 海洋测绘, 2012, 32(2):67-71. ZHAI Guojun, WU Taiqi, OUYANG Yongzhong, et al. The Development of Airborne Laser Bathymetry[J]. Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, 2012, 32(2):67-71.
[5] 张全德, 范京生. 我国卫星导航定位技术应用及发展[J]. 导航定位学报, 2016, 4(3):82-88. ZHANG Quande, FAN Jingsheng. Application and Development of Satellite Navigation and Positioning Technology in China[J]. Journal of Navigation and Positioning, 2016, 4(3):82-88.
[6] 何广源, 吴迪军, 李剑坤. GPS无验潮多波束水下地形测量技术的分析与应用[J]. 地理空间信息, 2013, 11(2):155-156, 159. HE Guangyuan, WU Dijun, LI Jiankun. Analysis and Application of GPS Assisted Multi-beam Sonar System for Underwater Topograhpic without Tidal Observation[J]. Geospatial Information, 2013, 11(2):155-156, 159.
[7] 黄国良, 徐恒, 熊波, 等. 内河无人航道测量船系统设计[J]. 水运工程, 2016(1):162-168. HUANG Guoliang, XU Heng, XIONG Bo, et al. Design of Unmanned Vessel for Inland River Channel Measurement[J]. Port & Waterway Engineering, 2016(1):162-168.
[8] 金久才, 张杰, 马毅, 等. 一种无人船水深测量系统及试验[J]. 海洋测绘, 2013, 33(2):53-56. JIN Jiucai, ZHANG Jie, MA Yi, et al. An Unmanned Surface Vehicle for Bathymetry[J]. Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, 2013, 33(2):53-56.
[9] BEAUDOIN J, SMYTH S, FURLONG A. Streamlining Sound Speed Profile Pre-Processing:Case Studies and Field Trials[C]//Proceedings of US Hydrographic Conference. Tampa, FL:The Hydrographic Society of America, 2011:25-28.
[10] DAVID D H, PEUCKER T K. Algorithms for the Reduction of the Number of Points Required to Represent a Digitized Line or Its Caricature[J]. Cartographica:the International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, 2011, 10(2):112-122.
[11] 魏碧辉, 刘翀, 周青, 等. 基于最小二乘支持向量机的声速空间变化模型构建[J]. 海洋测绘, 2013, 33(4):12-15. WEI Bihui, LIU Chong, ZHOU Qing, et al. Construction of the Spatial Model for Sound Velocity by the Least Square Support Vector Machine[J]. Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, 2013, 33(4):12-15.
[12] 王海栋, 柴洪洲, 翟天增, 等. 多波束测深异常的两种趋势面检测算法比较[J]. 海洋通报, 2010, 29(2):182-186. WANG Haidong, CHAI Hongzhou, ZHAI Tianzeng, et al. Comparison of Two Trend Surface Detection Algorithms of Multibeam Bathymetry Outlier[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2010, 29(2):182-186.
[13] 张志伟, 暴景阳, 肖付民. 抗差估计的多波束测深数据内插方法[J]. 测绘科学, 2016, 41(10):14-18. ZHANG Zhiwei, BAO Jingyang, XIAO Fumin. An Interpolation Method of Multibeam Data Based on Robust Estimation[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2016, 41(10):14-18.
[14] 黄贤源, 隋立芬, 翟国君, 等. 利用Bayes估计进行多波束测深异常数据探测[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2010, 35(2):168-171. HUANG Xianyuan, SUI Lifen, ZHAI Guojun, et al. Outliers Detection of Multi-beam Data Based on Bayes Estimation[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2010, 35(2):168-171.
[15] 王德刚, 叶银灿. CUBE算法及其在多波束数据处理中的应用[J]. 海洋学研究, 2008, 26(2):82-88. WANG Degang, YE Yincan. The Theory of Cube Algorithm and Its Application in the Processing of Multi-Beam Data[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2008, 26(2):82-88.
[16] 赵建虎, 张红梅, 严俊, 等. 削弱残余误差对多波束测深综合影响的方法研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2013, 38(26):1184-1187. ZHAO Jianhu, ZHANG Hongmei, YAN Jun, et al. Weakening Influence of Residual Error for MBS Sounding[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2013, 38(26):1184-1187.
[17] MANDLBURGER G, PFENNIGBAUER M, PFEIFER N. Analyzing Near Water Surface Penetration in Laser Bathymetry-A Case Study at the River Pielach[C]//Proceedings of ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Antalya, Turkey:ISPRS, 2013:175-180.
[18] ZHAO Jianhu, ZHAO Xinglei. ZHANG Hongmei, et al. Shallow Water Measurements Using a Single Green Laser Corrected by Building a Near Water Surface Penetration Model[J]. Remote Sensing, 2017, 9(5):426.
[19] 秦海明, 王成, 习晓环, 等. 机载激光雷达测深技术与应用研究进展[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2016, 31(4):617-624. QIN Haiming, WANG Cheng, XI Xiaohuan, et al. Development of Airborne Laser Bathymetric Technology and Applications[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2016, 31(4):617-624.
[20] 元建胜. 海岸带地形一体化测图生产技术研究[J]. 海洋测绘, 2011, 31(4):75-78. YUAN Jiansheng. Research on Technology of Integrative Mapping in Coastal Zone Topographic Data Production[J]. Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, 2011, 31(4):75-78.
[21] 马小川, 栾振东, 张鑫, 等. 基于ROV的近海底地形测量及其在马努斯盆地热液区的应用[J]. 海洋学报, 2017, 39(3):76-84. MA Xiaochuan, LUAN Zhendong, ZHANG Xin, et al. Near-bottom Topography Measurement Using ROV and Its Application in A Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Field in The Manus Basin[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2017, 39(3):76-84.
[22] 曹金亮, 刘晓东, 张方生, 等. DTA-6000声学深拖系统在富钴结壳探测中的应用[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2016, 36(4):173-181. CAO Jinliang, LIU Xiaodong, ZHANG Fangsheng, et al. Application of DTA-6000 Acoustic Deep-tow System to Cobalt-rich Crust in Investigation[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2016, 36(4):173-181.
[23] 黄文骞, 苏奋振, 杨晓梅, 等. 多光谱遥感水深反演及其水下碍航物探测技术[J]. 海洋测绘, 2015, 35(3):16-19. HUANG Wenqian, SU Fenzhen, YANG Xiaomei, et al. Techniques of Water Depth Remote Sensing Retrieval and Underwater Obstacle Detection[J]. Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, 2015, 35(3):16-19.
[24] 胡敏章, 李建成, 金涛勇, 等. 联合多源数据确定中国海及周边海底地形模型[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2015, 40(9):1266-1273. HU Minzhang, LI Jiancheng, JIN Taoyong, et al. Recovery of Bathymetry over China Sea and Its Adjacent Areas by Combination of Multi-source Data[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2015, 40(9):1266-1273.
[25] 李倩倩, 鲍李峰. 高精度测高重力场反演南海海底地形[J]. 海洋测绘, 2016, 36(2):1-5. LI Qianqian, BAO Lifeng. Predicting Submarine Topography of the South China Sea from Altimetry Gravity Field with High Precision[J]. Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, 2016, 36(2):1-5.
[26] COIRAS E, PETILLOT Y, LANE D M. Multiresolution 3D Reconstruction from Side-scan Sonar Images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2007, 16(2):382-390.
[27] 王爱学, 赵建虎, 尚晓东, 等. 单波束水深约束的侧扫声呐图像三维微地形反演[J]. 哈尔滨工程大学学报, 2017, 38(5):739-745. WANG Aixue, ZHAO Jianhu, SHANG Xiaodong, et al. Recovery of Seabed 3D Micro-topography from Side-Scan Sonar Image Constrained by Single-beam Soundings[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2017, 38(5):739-745.
[28] 赵建虎, 尚晓东, 张红梅. 水深数据约束下的声呐图像海底地形恢复方法[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2017, 46(2):443-448. ZHAO Jianhu, SHANG Xiaodong, ZHANG Hongmei. Recovering Seabed Topography from Sonar Image with Constraint of Sounding Data[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2017, 46(2):443-448.
[29] 李大炜, 李建成, 金涛勇, 等. 利用验潮站资料评估全球海潮模型的精度[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2012, 32(4):106-110. LI Dawei, LI Jiancheng, JIN Taoyong, et al. Accuracy Estimation of Recent Global Ocean Tide Models Using Tide Gauge Data[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2012, 32(4):106-110.
[30] 赵建虎, 董江, 柯灝, 等. 远距离高精度GPS潮汐观测及垂直基准转换研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2015, 40(6):761-766. ZHAO Jianhu, DONG Jiang, KE Hao, et al. High Precision GPS Tide Measurement Method in a Far-distance and Transformation Model for the Vertical Datum[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2015, 40(6):761-766.
[31] 柯灏. 海洋无缝垂直基准构建理论和方法研究[D]. 武汉:武汉大学, 2012. KE Hao. Research on the Theory and Implementation Method of Marine Seamless Vertical Reference Surface[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University, 2012.
[32] 陆秀平, 黄谟涛, 翟国君, 等. 多波束测深数据处理关键技术研究进展与展望[J]. 海洋测绘, 2016, 36(4):1-6, 11. LU Xiuping, HUANG Motao, ZHAI Guojun, et al. Development and Prospect of Key Technologies for Multibeam Echosounding Data Processing[J]. Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, 2016, 36(4):1-6,11.
[33] 李海森, 周天, 徐超. 多波束测深声呐技术研究新进展[J]. 声学技术, 2013, 32(2):73-80. LI Haisen, ZHOU Tian, XU Chao. New Developments on the Technology of Multi-Beam Bathymetric Sonar[J]. Technical Acoustics, 2013, 32(2):73-80.