地理空间认知理论与地图工具的发展

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2021.20210044

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文首先分析了地理空间认知的心理学起源与发展现状，介绍了地理空间认知经典理论及影响，指出了地理空间认知和认知地理空间的根本区别：尽管两者都需要人工智能的支持，前者旨在了解人脑在空间任务中的工作机理，后者则注重利用传感技术和计算机视觉建立、维护地理空间的动态数字孪生体；然后，讨论了地图作为空间认知的双向工具的作用和研究方法，重点是眼动跟踪试验以及它们在交互方面的优势；最后，指出了人工智能新时期地理空间认知的3个发展方向——语义计算认知、脑科学认知机制和具身认知，并概述了核心地图空间认知的平行发展和特点。

关键词: 空间认知, 地理空间认知, 眼动追踪, 人工智能, 数字孪生

Abstract: Focused on the geographic spatial cognition, this paper introduces the origination, the current situations, the four classical geographic spatial cognition theories and the difference between two factions. In the following, for the important role of map in spatial cognition, the function and research methods are concluded. Especially, the eye-tracking technology are paid more attention to, for its advantages in evaluation and interaction. Eventually, three developing directions and the characters of geographic spatial cognition in new AI era are discussed. With a focus on theoretical issues of geospatial cognition, this paper addresses at first their origin in psychology and the state of the art. The classical theories of geospatial cognition and their impacts are then introduced. Meanwhile, the fundamental difference between the geospatial cognition and geospatial sensing is pointed out. Although both are supported by the Artificial Intelligence (AI), the former is targeted to the understanding of how human brain works for spatial tasks, whereas the latter aims to maintain a dynamic digital twin of the geospace based on sensory technology and computer vision. The role and research methods of maps as a two-way tool for spatial cognition are discussed, with emphasis on eye-tracking experiments as well as their advantage in interactions. Three development trends of geospatial cognition in the era of AI—computational semantic cognition, cognitive mechanism of the mind and embodied cognition are summarized. The parallel development and characteristics of map-based spatial cognition in this same period are outlined.

Key words: spatial cognition, geographic spatial cognition, AI, eye-tracking, digital twin

中图分类号:

P208

郑束蕾. 地理空间认知理论与地图工具的发展[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(6): 766-776.

ZHENG Shulei. The theory,map tools and development directions of geographic spatial cognition[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(6): 766-776.

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