Abstract: Based on the cylinder geometry model and generalized point photogrammetry, with the ellipse detection by curve segments, an automatic 3D reconstruction and error detection method of cylinder was proposed without any priori knowledge abort spatial location or dimension parameters. This paper deduced the mathematical adjustment model based on cylinder geometry model and generalized point photogrammetry, and gave the method of calculating initial parameters. The experiment with the actual cylindrical industrial parts images got by calibrated stereo cameras reveals the proposed method’s efficiency. And this method can be extended to the 3D reconstruction of other industrial parts with basic mathematical models easily.