基于全极化SAR数据去方位向模糊的舰船目标检测方法

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在SAR成像过程中，利用目标相对于雷达运动的多普勒频率进行方位向压缩来提高方位向分辨率。对于海面舰船目标，往往由于SAR发射的脉冲重复频率过低，回波信号的多普勒频率欠采样，引起高亮度的方位向模糊噪声，产生虚假目标。若直接利用传统CFAR、子孔径相干等目标检测算法，会把方位向模糊引起的虚假目标误判为舰船目标，降低了舰船目标的检测精度。针对SAR影像方位向模糊现象，本文提出了一种基于全极化SAR数据的舰船目标检测算法，其利用H-A-Alpha分解得到的第三散射机制，结合方位向全极化子孔径相干，消除了方位向模糊噪声对舰船目标检测的影响，提高了舰船目标的目标杂波比。通过采用日本玉野Kojimawan港口附近的C波段AIRSAR全极化数据进行实验，验证了该算法能消除SAR方位向模糊，降低虚警率，提高舰船目标的检测精度。

关键词: 方位向模糊噪声, 舰船检测, 全极化, H-A-Alpha分解, 子孔径分解, 2D-CCF

Abstract: During the SAR imaging process, it usually utilized the Doppler frequency caused by ship targets moving relative to SAR sensor to improve the azimuth resolution by azimuth compression. For ship targets, it often led to the strong intensity azimuth ambiguities due to the discrete sampling of the Doppler frequency signal caused by lower PRF emitted by SAR. Because of the azimuth ambiguities having higher gray value, they always were mistaken as the real ships by directly applying the classical targets detection algorithms, such as CFAR, sub-aperture cross-correlation, etc., thus they reduced accuracy of ships detection. Therefore, in this paper, it proposed a new ships detection algorithm based on polarimetric data, which making use of the third scattering mechanism obtained from the results of the H-A-Alpha polarimetric decomposition, and utilizing the sub-aperture cross-correlation theorem to eliminate the effects of azimuth ambiguities on ships detection, and improve the TCR of ship targets. Moreover, it is indicated that the algorithm can eliminate the azimuth ambiguities efficiently, reduce false alarm rate to improve the accuracy of ship targets detection by using C band JPL AIRSAR polarimetric data from the Kojimawan in Tamano, Japan.

Key words: azimuth ambiguities, ships detection, polarimetric, H-A-Alpha polarimetric decomposition, sub-aperture, 2D-CCF

中图分类号:

P237

魏钜杰李平湘杨杰张继贤. 基于全极化SAR数据去方位向模糊的舰船目标检测方法[J]. , 2013, 42(4): 0-0.

参考文献

[1] Sciotti. M., Lombardo. P., Ship detection in SAR images: a segmentation-based approach[A]. In Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR’01) [C], 2001, 81-86.
[2] Lombardo. P., Sciotti. M., Segmentation-based technique for ship detection in SAR images[A]. IEEE Proceedings: Radar, Sonar & Navigation[C], 2001, 148(3):147-159.
[3] Jiaqiu Ai, Xiangyang Qi, Weidong Yu, etc., A New CFAR Ship Detection Algorithm Based on 2-D Joint Log-Normal Distribution in SAR Images[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2010, 7(4): 806-810.
[4] Yeremy. M., Campbell. J.W.M., Mattar.K., etc., Ocean surveillance with polarimetric SAR[J]. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2001, 27(4):328-344.
[5] Sciotti.M., Pastina. D., Lombardo. P., Polarimetric detectors of extended targets for ship detection in SAR images[A]. In IEEE 2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS’01)[C], 2001,7:3132-3134.
[6] Sciotti.M., Pastina. D., Lombardo. P., Exploiting the polarimetric information for the detection of ship targets in non-homogeneous SAR images[A]. In IEEE 2002 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS’02)[C], 2002,3:1911-1913.
[7] PI Yiming, YANG Jianyu, FU Yusheng. Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Principle[M]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Press, 2007.(皮亦鸣,杨建宇,付毓生等.合成孔径雷达成像原理[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社, 2007.)
[8] ZHANG Yongjun, LI Caiping. Analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar Ambiguities[J].Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2004,26(9):1455-1460.(张永军,李彩萍.合成孔径雷达模糊度分析[J].电子与信息学报,2004,26(9):1455-1460.)
[9] Moreira, A., Suppressing the azimuth ambiguities in synthetic aperture radar images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1993, 31(4): 885-895.
[10] ZHANG Lu, GUO Huadong, HAN Chunming. Moving Targets Detection in SAR Images Based on Sub-Aperture Decomposition[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2008, 36(6): 1210-1213.(张露, 郭华东, 韩春明等. 基于子孔径分解的SAR动目标检测方法[J].电子学报, 2008, 36(6): 1210-1213.)
[11] HAN Chuanzhou, etc., Synthetic Aperture Radar: Systems and Signal Processing[M].Beijing: Publishing House Of Electronics Industry,2006.(韩传钊等. 合成孔径雷达-系统与信号处理(Synthetic Aperture Radar: Systems and Signal Processing)[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2006.)
[12] Alain Arnaud. Ship Detection by SAR Interferometry[A]. Proceedings of IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium[C]. Hamburg, Germany, 1999, 2616-2618.
[13] Henry C, Souyris JC. Target Detection and Analysis Based on Spectral Analysis of a SAR Image: a Simulation Approach[A]. IGARSS’03, Toulouse, 2003, 2005-2007.
[14] L. Ferro-Famil, A. Reigber, E. Pottier, etc., Scene characterization using subaperture polarimetric SAR data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003, 41(10): 2264-2276.
[15] L. Ferro-Famil, A. Reigber, E. Pottier. Nonstationary natural media analysis from polarimetric SAR data using a two-dimensional time-frequency decomposition approach[J]. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2005, 31(1): 21-29.
[16] Masato Iehara, Kazuo Ouchi, Isao Takami, etc., Detection of ships using cross-correlation of split-look SAR images[A]. IEEE 2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium( IGARSS '01)[C], Sydney, NSW, Australia ,2001, 4: 1807 - 1809.
[17] LI Haiyan. Ship Detection with Polarimetric SAR Data[D].Beijing: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2007.(李海燕.极化SAR图像海面船只监测方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院海洋研究所,2007.)
[18] C. Liu. Effects of target motion on polarimetric SAR images[J]. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2006, 32(2): 51-64.
[19] C. Liu. Time-frequency analysis of PolSAR moving target data[J]. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2007, 33(4): 237-249.
[20] CHEN Liu, Christoph H. Gierull. A New Application for PolSAR Imagery in the Field of Moving Target Indication/Ship Detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2007, 45(11): 3426-3436.
[21] WANG Changcheng. Method for Ship Detection from SAR Images[D].Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2008.( 汪长城. SAR图像海上舰船目标检测方法研究[D].武汉:武汉大学, 2008.)
[22] JIANG Guoan, SONG Hongjun. Analysis and suppression on azimuth ambiguity of SAR[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2007, 30(12):45-47. (姜国安,宋红军. SAR方位模糊分析与抑制[J]. 电子测量技术, 2007, 30(12):45-47.)
[23] Ringrose, R., Harris, N., Ship Detection Using Polarimetric SAR Data[A]. Proceedings of SAR Workshop: CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites[C], Toulouse, France, 1999, 450: 687-691.
[24] Cloude,S.R., Pottier,E., A review of target decomposition theorems in radar polarimetry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1996, 34(2):498-518.
[25] Eric Pottier, Shane R. Cloude. Application of the H/A/Alpha Polarimetric decomposition theorem for land classification[A]. Proc. SPIE[C], 1997,3120: 132-143.
[26] Touzi. R., Boerner. W.M., Lee. J.S., etc., A review of Polarimetry in the context of synthetic aperture radar: concepts and information extraction[J]. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing，2004,30(3):380-407.
[27] WANG Chao, ZHANG Hong, CHEN Xi, et al. Full Polarimetric SAR Image Processing[M]. Beijing: Science Press,2008.(王超,张红,陈曦等.全极化合成孔径雷达图像处理[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.)
[28] Jong-sen Lee, Eric Pottier. Polarimetric Radar Imaging from Basics to Applications[M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2009.
[29] ZHANG Jixian, WEI Jujie, ZHAO Zhen, etc., Color Orthophoto Map Generation Based on Multi-direction and Multi-polarization SAR Data Fusion[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2011, 40(3):276-282.(张继贤, 魏钜杰, 赵争等. 基于多方向多源合成孔径雷达数据融合的假彩色正射影像制作[J].测绘学报,2011,40(3):276-282.)
[30] WU Wanlan. Research on Polarimetric SAR Images Classification Based on Sub-aperture[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2009.(吴婉澜.基于子孔径的极化SAR图像目标分类算法研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2009.)