Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 1189-1201.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20200236

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Analysis and comparisons of the BDS/Galileo quad-frequency PPP models performances

SU Ke1,2, JIN Shuanggen1,3   

  1. 1. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  • Received:2020-06-12 Revised:2020-08-21 Published:2020-09-19
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-DFG) Project (No. 41761134092)

Abstract: Chinese BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) and Galileo system can provide the services of quad-frequency observations. In this paper, we assess the BDS/Galileo quad-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) models, i.e., PPP model with two ionosphere-free combinations (QF1), PPP model with one ionosphere-free combination (QF2), undifferenced uncombined PPP model (QF3) and ionosphere-constrained undifferenced uncombined PPP model (QF4), by comparing the dual-frequency ionosphere-free PPP model (DF). The equivalence of the QF1, QF2 and QF3 models is theoretically demonstrated by the equivalence principle. The static and simulated kinematic PPP performances are evaluated and investigated with one-month period observations from the network stations and the kinematic PPP performances are verified with a kinematic experiment in the campus. The results show that the pseudorange noises of BDS-3 B1C and B2a signals are larger than the B1I and B3I signals and the pseudorange noises differences for the Galileo quad-frequency signals are not obvious. The performances of the QF1, QF2 and QF3 models are basically consistent for the static and simulated kinematic PPP. By adding the external ionospheric constraint, the quad-frequency PPP performances are affected. Compared to the QF1, QF2 and QF3 models, the mean convergence time of the static BDS (BDS-2+BDS-3) model are reduced by 4.4%, 4.4% and 5.4%, respectively. The mean convergence time of static Q4 model increases 16.8 minutes when compared to the QF3 model. Compared to the dual-frequency PPP, the quad-frequency kinematic PPP performances are obviously improved. The three-dimensional positioning accuracy of BDS and Galileo QF4 models are improved by 11.4% and 31.4%, respectively, when compared to the QF1 models. Furthermore, the BDS/Galileo kinematic PPP models perform better than the single-system solutions.

Key words: BDS, Galileo, precise point positioning, equivalence validation, quad-frequency

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